Offline Install MySQL on CentOS
Install
Recently this problem came across to me: I have to install MySQL Server on a Server (CentOS) with access only to LAN where yum is useless.
Here is the solution I found useful:
Step 1. Download MySQL
Download the package you desire from here as follows..
Step 2. Remove the built-in mariaDB
- query the installed packages
rpm -qa | grep -i mariadb
This should print some names.
- remove them
rpm -e --nodeps <package_names_listed_above>
Replace <package_names_listed_above> with the names shown with the previous command.
Step 3. Create a New User for MySQL Management (Optional)
- Create new accounts/ account groups
# create a new user group called mysql
groupadd mysql
# create a user under mysql group
useradd -g mysql mysql -d /home/mysql
# initialize the password for him
passwd mysql
- Create directories for data/log/etc.
The directories shall be consistant with what you configure in my.cnf, which will be created later.
mkdir /home/mysql/3306/data
mkdir /home/mysql/3306/log
mkdir /home/mysql/3306/tmp
Step 4. Upload the software to the server
Move the software to /usr/local, create symbolic link and enable only usr mysql with the access.
# unzip the package
tar -xvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
# create a symbolic link
ln -s mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql/
Step 5. Create a config file my.cnf
cd /etc
vi my.cnf
A complete example (also what I am using) of my.cnf will be provided at the end of this blog.
Step 6. Install MySQL
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
After this step, a randomly initialized password for root user will be generated in home/mysql/3306/log/error.log,
or the directory you specify at my.cnf
Step 7. Setup auto-start service
cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
# check if the service is added successfully
chkconfig --list mysqld
# switch to user:mysql before the next step
su mysql
# start the service
service mysqld start
Step 8. Configure environment variables
# make sure you have logged in as mysql
vi ~/.bash_profile
# append this line to the file
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
source ~/.bash_profile
Step 9. Login and reset password
# input the password generated
mysql -uroot -p
# reset a password friendly to human
set password for root@localhost=password("123456");
Upgrade/uninstall
A method is also provided if you wanna upgrade or unintall the mysql that was installed in this way. Please backup import files before you go.
Step 1. Delete related service
chkconfig --list | grep -i mysql
chkconfig --del <related service>
Step 2. Empty related directories
rm -rf /home/mysql/3306/data/*
rm -rf /home/mysql/3306/log/*
rm -rf /home/mysql/3306/tmp/*
Step 3. Remove installed software
# you can find where you installed them with these two commands
whereis mysql
find / -name mysql
# get rid of them
rm -rf /usr/local/mysql
An example for my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /home/mysql/3306/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
server-id = 1
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /home/mysql/3306/data
tmpdir = /home/mysql/3306/tmp
socket = /home/mysql/3306/tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file = /home/mysql/3306/log/mysql.pid
skip_name_resolve = 1
character-set-server = utf8mb4
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
lower_case_table_names = 1
max_connections = 400
max_connect_errors = 1000
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
max_allowed_packet = 128M
interactive_timeout = 1800
wait_timeout = 1800
tmp_table_size = 16M
max_heap_table_size = 128M
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
back_log = 130
log_error = /home/mysql/3306/log/error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /home/mysql/3306/log/slow.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 5
min_examined_row_limit = 100
expire_logs_days = 5
log-bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = ROW
binlog_row_image = minimal
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_log_file_size = 32M